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448.

Hard disks can be split up into partitions

449.

Each partition is treated as if it was a separate hard disk drive

450.

Operating systems must be installed on separate partitions

451.

The boot loader decides which operating system to start

452.

Hard disk partitions

453.

Your hard disk can be split up into many separate <emphasis>partitions</emphasis>, in a similar way that a large room can be partitioned by dividing walls. Each partition, while still being on the same physical device, is treated as being entirely separate to other partitions - it is as if you have multiple hard drives installed rather than just one. In Windows, each partition has its own <emphasis>drive letter</emphasis>. You might have a C, D and E drive which, while being treated as separate devices, are in fact all stored on the same hard disk.

454.

For operating systems to be able to co-exist on the same computer, they should be installed onto separate partitions. This means that, to dual-boot between Ubuntu and Windows, you must partition your hard disk in a suitable manner.

455.

By partitioning your disk, you are splitting the storage capacity of your hard disk into separate, differently-sized chunks. You should choose the sizes of each partition carefully to prevent running out of storage space on a partition.

456.

Because each partition is treated as a separate device, each partition must be <emphasis>formatted</emphasis> with a <emphasis>filesystem</emphasis>. Formatting is the process of creating a filesystem on a partition. A filesystem is a method which an operating system uses to store your files - there are many different filesystems, each with its own advantages and limitations. Common filesystems used in a dual boot system include NTFS, FAT32, and ext3. NTFS, to which Linux cannot safely write data, is the default filesystem used by Windows. Ubuntu treats this filesystem as read-only. ext3 is a native Linux filesystem that can be accessed from Windows using various tools such as ext2fs. FAT32 (also know as vfat) is a filesystem to which Linux can write safely. Hence, in a dual system, a FAT32 filesystem is commonly used as a way of sharing files between Linux and Windows.

457.

There are two different types of partition. <emphasis>Primary</emphasis> partitions can contain only one filesystem and a maximum of four of them can be used on a hard disk. <emphasis>Extended</emphasis> partitions can contain many other partitions, but only one can be used per hard disk.