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55.

By default, <command>rm</command> will not remove directories. To remove a directory, you must use the <command>-r</command> option (which can also be entered as <command>-R</command> or <command>--recursive</command>). For example, <screen>rm -r foobar</screen> or <screen>rm -R foobar</screen> or <screen>rm --recursive foobar</screen> will remove the directory <filename class="directory">foobar</filename><emphasis> and all of its contents!</emphasis>

56.

System Information Commands

57.

df - display amount of disk space

58.

The <command>df</command> command displays filesystem disk space usage for all partitions. (<acronym>df</acronym> stands for <quote>disk free</quote>). <screen>df -h</screen> will give information using megabytes (<abbrev>M</abbrev>) and gigabytes (<abbrev>G</abbrev>) instead of blocks (<command>-h</command> means <quote>human readable</quote>).

59.

free - display amount of free and used memory

60.

The <command>free</command> command displays the amount of free and used memory in the system. <screen>free -m</screen> will give the information using megabytes, which is probably the most useful for current computers.

61.

top - display top consuming processes

62.

The <command>top</command> command displays information on the <trademark>Linux</trademark> system - processes that are running, system resources including <acronym>CPU</acronym>, <acronym>RAM</acronym> &amp; swap usage, and the total number of tasks being run. To exit <command>top</command>, press <keycap>q</keycap>.

63.

uname - print details about the current machine

64.

The <command>uname</command> command with the <command>-a</command> option displays all system information, including machine name, kernel name &amp; version, and other details. This command is useful for checking which kernel is in use. (<abbrev>uname</abbrev> is short for <quote>unix name</quote>).